15　异邦人与本地人

成功地推翻了S. J. Ridyard的修正派观点。 S. J. Ridyard, ‘Condigna veneratio: Post-Conquest Attitudes to the Saints of the Anglo-Saxons’, ANS, 9 (1987), 179–206.

20Rubenstein, ‘Liturgy Against History’, 282, 292–5.

21Ibid., 295–7; Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis, ed. Hudson, ii, xli–xlii; WM, Gesta Pontificum, i, 628–31. 参见 P.A. Hayward, ‘Translation Narratives in Post-Conquest Hagiography and English Resistance to the Norman Conquest’, ANS, 21 (1999), 67–94。

22Letters of Lanfranc, 30–1; OV, ii, 256–7.

23RRAN, 48–50, 107.

24ASC E, 1083; JW, iii, 38–41.

25Letters of Lanfranc, 112–15; EHD, ii, 634.

26EHD, ii, 399, 523. 据说，偿命金（或者类似的东西）制度最初是由克努特引进的，为的是不让英格兰人杀丹麦人。即便威廉真的不过是重新推行了这一制度，我们也不能因此否认这一做法的历史价值。尽管它有可能会改变我们对丹麦人到来以后的英格兰社会的理解，但它还是为我们描绘诺曼征服之后的英格兰提供了有力的证据。B. R. O’Brien, ‘From Moroor to Murdrum: The Preconquest Origin and Norman Revival of the Murder Fine’, Speculum, 71 (1996), 321–57.

27Letters of Lanfranc, 110–13, 150–3, 166–7; WP, 158–9; OV, ii, 202–3.

28Above, 14, 19, 36; J. Gillingham, ‘1066 and the Introduction of Chivalry into England’, idem, English in the Twelfth Century, 215–16.

29Ibid., 211–15.

30Ibid., 217–18, 228; WP, 157.

31Fletcher, Bloodfeud, 1–5; Gillingham, ‘1066 and the Introduction of Chivalry’, 218–19.

32OV, ii, 256–7; H. M.Thomas, The English and the Normans: Ethnic Hostility, Assimilation, and Identity, 1066–c.1220 (Oxford, 2003), 145–51.

33SD, History, 144.

34DNB Gospatric; DNB Edgar Ætheling; ASC D, 1074.

35DNB Ralph the Staller; DNB Ralph de Gaël.

36ASC D and E, 1075.

37Ibid.; JW, iii, 24–5; OV, ii, 310–13; C. P. Lewis, ‘The Early Earls of Norman England’, ANS, 13 (1991), 207–23; Letters of Lanfranc, 118–21.

38OV, ii, 312–15; ASC D and E, 1075.

39JW, iii, 24–5; Letters of Lanfranc, 118–23.

40JW iii, 24–5; ASC D and E, 1075; OV, ii, 316–17.

41Ibid.; JW, iii, 26–7; Letters of Lanfranc, 124–5.

42Ibid., 124–7; ASC D and E, 1075.

43Ibid.; OV, ii, 318–19.

44ASC D and E, 1075; JW, ii, 24–5; OV, ii, 320–1.

45Ibid., 314–15, 318–23; Gillingham, ‘1066 and the Introduction of Chivalry’, 218.