14 严峻的考验

IA, f. 383, op. 29, d. 924 (1806), l. 29.

12RGIA, f. 383, op. 29, d. 938 (1811), ll. 88–9; RGIA, f. 383, op. 29, d. 953 (1818), ll. 1, 12–14. 关于抵达西伯利亚的伤残流放者的问题，参见 Andrew A. Gentes, ‘“Completely Useless”: Exiling the Disabled to Tsarist Siberia’, Sibirica, vol. 10, no. 2 (Summer 2011), pp. 26–49。

13RGIA, f. 1149, op. 1, d. 10 (1828), ll. 2–6; ‘Arestanty v Sibiri’, Sovremennik, 1863, no. 11, p. 146.

14RGIA, f. 383, op. 29, d. 924 (1806), l. 29; Rumiantsev, Istoricheskii ocherk peresylki, pp. 12–13.

15O. N. Bortnikova, Sibir’ tiuremnaia: penitentsiarnaia sistema Zapadnoi Sibiri v 1801–1917 gg. (Tyumen, 1999), p. 45; RGIA, f. 1286, op. 1, d. 195 (1804), l. 1.

16S. M. Shtutman, Na strazhe tishiny i spokoistviia: iz istorii vnutrennykh voisk Rossii (1811–1917 gg.) (Moscow, 2000), pp. 107–9; RGIA, f. 1286, op. 1, d. 195 (1804), ll. 51, 53, 64; RGIA, f. 1286, op. 2, d. 245 (1817), l. 1; ‘O prestupleniiakh po vsei Sibiri, v koikh uchastvovali ssyl’nye s 1823 po 1831 god’, Zhurnal Ministerstva Vnutrennykh Del, 1833, no. 8, pp. 224–33.

17Ssylka v Sibir’. Ocherk ee istorii i sovremennogo polozheniia (St. Petersburg, 1900), appendix no. 1; Gentes, Exile to Siberia, p. 137.

18Bortnikova, Sibir’ tiuremnaia, p. 47; H. G. Stepanov (Shenmaier), ‘Upravlenie katorgoi v Sibiri v nachale XIX veka (pravovoi aspekt)’, Sibirskaia ssylka (Irkutsk, 2011), no. 6 (18), pp. 92–107; ‘Ustav ob etapakh v sibirskikh guberniiakh’, Uchrezhdenie dlia upravleniia sibirskikh gubernii (St. Petersburg, 1822), pp. 4–5; Ippolit Zavalishin, Opisanie Zapadnoi Sibiri, 2 vols. (Moscow, 1862), vol. 1, pp. 355–6.

19S. V. Maksimov, Sibir’ i katorga, 3rd edn (St. Petersburg, 1900), p. 14; Rumiantsev, Istoricheskii ocherk peresylki, p. 12; N. M. Iadrintsev, Russkaia obshchina v tiur’me i ssylke (St. Petersburg, 1872), p. 320; Vlasenko, ‘Ugolovnaia ssylka’, p. 63.

20‘Ustav ob etapakh v sibirskikh guberniiakh’, p. 26; L. M. Dameshek and A. V. Remnev (eds.), Sibir’ v sostave Rossiiskoi Imperii (Moscow, 2007), pp. 277–8.

21‘Ustav o ssyl’nykh’, articles 210–13; Marc Raeff, Siberia and the Reforms of 1822 (Seattle, 1956), p. 60; RGIA, f. 1286, op. 21, d. 1118 (1860), l. 1; Gentes, Exile to Siberia, pp. 198–9. 1870年，流放事务部从托博尔斯克转到秋明。See Vlasenko, ‘Ugolovnaia ssylka’, pp. 81–2.

22RGIA, f. 1264, op. 1, d. 414 (1825), l. 6; RGIA, f. 1264, op. 1, d. 71 (1835), l. 138.

23‘Ustav ob etapakh v sibirskikh guberniiakh’, no. 22; RGIA, f. 1264, op. 1, d. 71 (1835), ll. 136 ob–137; Gentes, Exile to Siberia, pp. 195–6.

24Rumiantsev, Istoricheskii ocherk peresylki, pp. 10–11; GARF, f. 109, op. 8, 1 eksp., d. 357 (1833), l. 10; GATOvgT, f. 152, op. 31, d. 127 (1849), l. 18; RGIA, f. 1286, op. 29, d. 836 (1868), l. 8.

25‘Arestanty v Sibiri’, pp. 153–4; Iadrintsev, Russkaia obshchina, pp. 2–5, 304. 凯南记录过19世纪80年代在阿尔卡奇监狱中有类似的简易装修。Kennan, Siberia and the Exile System, vol. 2