14 严峻的考验

>7‘M. V. Butashevich-Petrashevskii v Sibiri’, Krasnyi arkhiv, vol. 10, 1925, p. 188; Frank, Dostoevsky, pp. 51–9; Grossman, ‘Grazhdanskaia smert’’, p. 683.

8N. Bel’chikov, ‘Pis’mo F. M. Dostoevskogo iz kreposti’, Krasnyi arkhiv, vol. 2, 1922, pp. 237–8.

9F. M. Dostoevskii, ‘Pis’ma’, in idem, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii, 30 vols. (Leningrad, 1972–90), vol. 28, pp. 163–4.

10Fyodor Dostoevsky, A Writer’s Diary. Volume 1, 1873–1876, trans. Kenneth Lantz (Evanston, IL, 1994), p. 130.

11Frank, Dostoevsky: The Years of Ordeal, p. 73.

12Joseph Frank, Dostoevsky: The Stir of Liberation, 1860–1865 (Princeton, 1986), p. 215; L Tolstoi, ‘Pis’ma’, in Polnoe sobranie sochinenii, 91 vols. (Moscow, 1928–64), vol. 63, p. 24; Nancy Ruttenburg, Dostoevsky’s Democracy (Princeton, 2008), pp. 72–81.

13Gryts’ko [G. Z. Eliseev], ‘Ugolovnye prestupniki’, Sovremennik, 1860, vol. 74, pp. 283–4; V. L. Seroshevskii, ‘Ssylka i katorga v Sibiri’, in I. S. Mel’nik (ed.), Sibir’: ee sovremennoe sostoianie i ee nuzhdy. Sbornik statei (St. Petersburg, 1908), pp. 220–21; Frank, Dostoevsky: The Stir of Liberation, pp. 214–20; V. A. Zelenskii (ed.), Kriticheskii kommentarii k sochineniiam F. M. Dostoevskogo. Sbornik kriticheskikh statei, vol. 2 (Moscow, 1901), p. 38.

14Fyodor Dostoevsky, The House of the Dead, trans. David McDuff (London, 2003), p. 27.

15Dostoevskii, ‘Pis’ma’, p. 170.

16L. Mel’shin [P. F. Iakubovich], V mire otverzhennykh: zapiski byvshego katorzhnika (St. Petersburg, 1896), p. 122; S. V. Maksimov, Sibir’ i katorga, 3rd edn (St. Petersburg, 1900), pp. 32, 34; George Kennan, Siberia and the Exile System, 2 vols. (New York, 1891), vol. 2, pp. 145–6.

17Dostoevsky, The House of the Dead, pp. 29–31; Mel’shin [Iakubovich], V mire otverzhennykh, p. 29.

18N. M. Iadrintsev, Russkaia obshchina v tiur’me i ssylke (St. Petersburg, 1872), p. 57.

19Mel’shin [Iakubovich], V mire otverzhennykh, p. 112; Dostoevsky, The House of the Dead, p. 30; Dostoevskii, ‘Pis’ma’, p. 171.

20Shimon Tokarzhevskii, ‘Sem’ let katorgi’ (1907), in idem, Sibirskoe likholeti’e (Kemerovo, 2007), p. 190; Nina Perlina, ‘Dostoevsky and his Polish Fellow Prisoners from the House of the Dead’, in David L. Ransel and Boz˙ena Shallcross (eds.), Polish Encounters, Russian Identity (Bloomington, IN, 2005), pp. 100–109; Abby Schrader, Languages of the Lash: Corporal Punishment and Identity in Imperial Russia (DeKalb, IL, 2002), p. 109; Dostoevsky, The House of the Dead, p. 50.

21Dostoevsky, The House of the Dead, p. 93.

22Dostoevskii, ‘Pis’ma’, p. 170; ‘Ocherki nevol’nogo turista’, Knizhki nedeli, 1895, no. 1, pp. 126–7; Mel’shin [Iakubovich], V mire otverzhennykh, p. 50.

23Dostoevsky, The House of the Dead, p. 33; Mel’shin [Iakubovich], V mire otverzhennykh, pp. 60–61.

24Mel’shin [Iakubovich], V mire otverzhennykh, p. 29; ‘Ocherki n